沙漠人工植被的生态学取向及其途径

Ecological orientation and approaches for establishment of artificial vegetation in desert areas

水是干旱沙漠植物生态系统中的最重要的限制因子。在干旱沙漠生境中建造人工植被的正确方向是要建造沙漠人工植被 ,就必须以提供额外的水资源为前提 ;在不能增加额外水资源的情况下不应增加沙漠人工植被 ;增加沙漠植被应保护现有植被和建造半人工植被为主。考察种群生态适应性的一般过程 :一是目前有无这种植物的天然种群 ,二是历史上是否有过这种植物的种群 ,三是目前的生境条件是否满足这种种群或群落的需要 ,四是有无人工提供生态资源的可能性。封育保护和建造半人工植被是建造沙漠植被的主要途径 ,保护地下水资源是根本途径。

Water is the most important constraint factor for the establishment of vegetation in arid ecosystems.Therefore,the availability of extra water resources is the prerequisite for the establishment of artificial vegetation in desert ecosystems.It is not sagacious to establish artificial vegetation in such arid ecosystems when there are no adequate extra water resources.The improvement of desert vegetation should be realized mainly by the protection of Current plants and the establishment of semi-artificial vegetation.The general process for the inventory of plant population is to investigate: ①currently,is there any natural population of the targeted plant species? ②Historically,was there any natural population of the targeted plant species? ③Do the natural conditions meet the requirement of the recruitment of the targeted plant population? and ④What is the probability for man to provide ecological resources? Enclosure protection of current vegetation and the establishment of semi-artificial vegetation are the main approaches for the recruitment of desert vegetation,while the protection of underground water resources is a radical step.