植物硅营养的研究进展

Advances in silicon nutrition of plants

阐述了植物吸收硅的机理、硅与其它营养元素的关系及其对非胁迫和胁迫条件下植物生长发育的有益作用 .植物吸收硅的机制目前尚不是很清楚 ,不同植物吸收硅的方式不同 .硅可影响植物中其它营养元素的含量 .在非胁迫条件下 ,硅可促进植物的生长 ;硅也参与了植物抗病、抗虫等生物胁迫 ,以及抗金属毒害、盐害、温度胁迫、干旱、抗倒伏等非生物胁迫的反应 .目前 ,应从多种植物上深入研究硅的吸收方式与机理 ;同时 ,应该改变硅在细胞壁的沉积仅仅起增强组织机械强度作用的观点 ,而应从生理代谢调控的角度进行硅作用机制的研究 。

Silicon is very abundant in the earth crust. This review describes the absorption mechanism of silicon in plants, the relationship between silicon and the other plant nutrition, and the benefits of silicon on the plant growth and development under non-stress and stress conditions. It is not very clear about the absorption mechanism of silicon in plants, and different absorption modes exist in different plants. Silicon can influence the amounts of other plant nutrition in plants. Silicon can promote the growth of plants under non-stress conditions and is also involved in resistance to biotic stress such as disease and pest and abiotic stress such as metal toxicity, salinity, temperature stress, drought and wind. At present, deep studies should be performed on different plants. Meanwhile, one should alter the view that silicon is just a cell wall incrustation responsible for organ rigidity and study the silicon effect mechanisms from the angle of physiological metabolism regulations, which will lay the theoretical foundation of application of silicon fertilizer in practice.