中国大陆黑斑侧褶蛙基于mtDNA控制区序列的种群遗传结构

Population Genetic Structure of Pelophylax nigromaculata in Chinese Mainland Based on mtDNA Control Region Sequences

用分子遗传数据研究了黑斑侧褶蛙 (Pelophylaxnigromaculata)种群的遗传结构和分化。标本采自中国大陆的 12个地点 ,每个种群测定 10只或少于 10只蛙的mtDNA控制区 5′端 6 85bp的序列。 112只蛙的序列经比对后 ,共发现 111个变异位点 ,定义了 6 7种单元型 ,其中 7种单元型为地方种群间共享单元型 ,多数单元型为地方种群内特有。 12个地方种群合并成一个大种群分析时表明 ,中国大陆黑斑侧褶蛙的线粒体单元型多样性相当高 (h=0 98± 0 0 0 5 ) ,总体核苷酸多样性也较高 (π =0 0 30 3± 0 0 0 2 9)。这样高的单元型多样性和核苷酸多样性与黑斑侧褶蛙作为古北界和东洋界的广布种、种群大是相应的。基于最大简约法的单元型系统发生树和基于邻接法的地方种群系统发生分析中 ,吉林通化和辽宁辽阳种群与中国大陆其他地方种群构成姐妹群。分子变异分析表明 ,吉林和辽宁种群代表的吉辽组和其余 10个地方种群代表的综合组间出现了显著的种群分化 (Φ CT=0 80 9,P <0 0 0 1) ,各地方种群间成对的FST及种群间的核苷酸歧异度也均表明两者之间出现了显著的遗传分化。

Molecular genetic data were used to investigate population genetic structure and differentiation of Pelophylax nigromaculata (Anura: Ranidae).Frogs were collected from 12 localities across Chinese mainland.Sample sizes of up to 10 frogs per population were assayed for mitochondrial control region sequence variation.The aligned 685 bp of the 5′CR include 111 variable sites.Sixty-seven haplotypes were defined.Most of the haplotypes are unique to local populations,only 7 of the 67 are shared among a few local populations.The overall species haplotype diversity is quite high (h=0.98±0.005),and the nucleotide diversity is also high (π=0.0303±0.0029).This is corresponding to huge population size and extensive distribution of Pelophylax nigromaculata throughout Palaearctic and Oriental Regions.Phylogenetic tree of mtDNA control region haplotypes based on maximum parsimony algorithm and reconstructed phylogenetic relationships among the local populations based on neighbor joining algorithm all suggest that the haplotypes of Jiling and Liaoning populations in northeastern China have a sister relationship with 10 local populations in northern,central,southern and southwestern China.The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA),the pairwise F_(ST) values and nucleotide divergence all support significant population subdivision between the Jilin-Liaoning group and multi-population group.The most possible cause of the significant genetic subdivision between the two groups might be referred to the effect of Quaternary glaciation.The possible reasons for the lack of obvious geographic structure on the whole in the multi-population group and the genetic differentiation in some local populations of the multi-population group were also discussed.