绿竹笋营养成分及笋期叶养分的施肥效应

Effect of Fertilization on Nutrient Components of Bamboo Shoot and Leaves Nutrient Status Shoot Emergence Stages in Dendrocalamopsis oldhami

研究施有机肥、复合肥、无机肥对绿竹笋营养成分及笋期叶片N、P、K含量的影响。结果表明 :3种肥料处理对绿竹笋N、P、K含量、粗蛋白质、粗纤维、蛋白质水解氨基酸含量有明显的促进作用 ,竹笋N和蛋白质含量以无机肥处理最高 ,P含量、氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量以复合肥处理最高 ,K含量、粗纤维、半需氨基酸总量以有机肥处理最高 ,但还原糖、总可溶性糖、蔗糖、淀粉含量不施肥处理明显高于施肥处理。 3种肥料处理对绿竹叶片N、P、K含量的影响在不同发笋时期表现出一定的差异性 ,发笋初期N、P、K含量施肥处理明显高于不施肥处理 ,以无机肥处理最高 ;盛期叶片N、P含量以有机肥处理最高 ,K含量以无机肥处理最高 ;末期N含量以有机肥处理最高 ,P含量以不施肥处理最高 ,K含量以无机肥处理最高 ,表现出不同肥料施肥效应的差异性。

The experiment was carried out in Youxi County, Fujian Province to study the effects of different fertilization, including organic manure, compound fertilizer, inorganic manure, and nonfertilizer, on nutrient components of bamboo shoot and nutrient content of N, P, K in leaves of bamboo during shoot growth stage for Dendrocalamopsis oldhami. The results indicated that the contents of N, P, K, and of coarse protein, coarse fibre, amino acids hydrolyzed from protein in bamboo shoot were increased obviously in 3 fertilizer treatments. The highest contents of N and protein was found in the inorganic manure treatment, and the highest contents of P, total amino acids, and total essential amino acids in bamboo shoot were in the treatment of compound fertilizer,and the highest contents of K, coarse fibre, semi essential amino acids were in the treatment of organic manure. However, the contents of reductive sugar, total soluble sugar, sucrose, and starch in the treatment of nonfertilizer were higher than other fertilization treatment. There was a certain difference in N,P,K content of bamboo leaves among 3 fertilization treatments during different emergence period of bamboo shoot. The contents of N, P, K in bamboo leaves in the fertilization treatments were higher than those in the nonfertilizer treatment at the initial stage of shoot emergence, the highest contents were bound in the treatment of inorganic manure. At the prosperity stage, the highest contents of N and P were in the treatment of organic manure. The highest content of K was in the treatment of inorganic manure. The highest content of N in bamboo leaves was bound in the organic manure treatment at the last stage of shoot emergence, and the highest contents of P and K were bound in the nonfertilier and inorganic manure treatment respectively at the same stage of shoot emergence.