论科技工作者和经营管理者的收入及其来源

On Incomes of Scientific and Technological Workers and Operators and Managers, and the Sources of These Incomes

本文第一部分是探讨市场经济下科技工作者和经营管理者收入的来源问题。文中论述了马克思关于科技劳动和管理劳动在物质生产部门中对价值的创造 ,并在以下两个方面扩展了马克思的价值论 :一是非物质生产部门的产品也可以是具有价值和使用价值的商品 ;二是在非物质生产部门中的科技劳动和管理劳动同样是创造价值、提供剩余价值的生产性劳动。第二部分是探讨市场经济下科技工作者和经营管理者取得收入的方式和收入量的确定问题。文章澄清了从价值决定中探寻分配方式的误解 ,论证了在市场经济下 ,科技劳动、管理劳动与一般劳动和其他生产要素一样 ,获取收入的方式和数量取决于供求和竞争性的价格机制 ,说明了培育成熟的市场是使我国科技工作和经营管理的劳动获得应有的报酬的基本保证。本文的最后部分对我国当前颇为流行的“要素贡献论”、“要素价值论”及其理论来源进行了评述。

The first part of this paper focuses on the sources of income of scientific and technological workers and managerial and administrative personnel. It elaborates the Marx's view on the creation of value by technical labor and managerial labor in material production sectors and expands his theory of value in the following two aspects: First, it demonstrates that the products from the non material production sectors may also be commodities with value and use value; Second, it proves that labor in scientific, technological, managerial and administrative fields is also productive labor that creates value and provides surplus value. The second part of the paper discusses how the scientific and technological workers and managerial and administrative personnel get their incomes and how their quantities are to be determined.