人力资本投资与中国农业劳动力的转移

Labor Capital Investment and China Rural Labor Transfer

当前中国农业劳动力的转移存在许多问题：转移不足；转移的组织方式低级化；转移巩固率低；转移产业层次低；转移前后的比较收益不高；转移的社会负面效应突出。而人力资本存量少，农民素质低是产生以上问题的关键性因素。为促进农业劳动力的良性转移应采取如下措施：１．继续严格控制农村人口数量，提高人口素质；２．合理调整农村教育结构，积极发展农村职业技术教育；３．以素质教育为目标，拓宽教育途径，改革教学内容；４．提高农村教师素质；５．建立和完善人力资本投资收益机制；６．建立健全农村人力资本投资市场。

Now, there are many problems in China labor transfer, such as: lacking transfer, low level of transfer structure manner, low stability rate, low transfer industry level, low benefit between before and after benefit and negative social effect of transfer. The key factor that brings upper problems is shortage of labor capital. We should adopt measures as follows: 1. controlling rural population quantity, improving population quality; 2. adjusting rural educational structure, developing rural professional technique education; 3. aiming the quality education, developing educational ways, reforming educational content; 4. improving rural teacher quality; 5 establishing and completing system of labor capital investment benefit; 6. set up investment market of rural labor capital.