超国家政治和政府间政治的共生与联动——疯牛病、贸易纠纷与欧盟政治

The Complementary Relationship between Supranational and Inter-governmental Politics

对欧盟政治的研究 ,一直存在着侧重研究超国家政治成分的新功能主义和侧重研究政府间政治的政府间主义之间的争执。本文试图在吸取两种一体化理论的合理部分的同时 ,建构一种分析欧盟《马斯特里赫特条约》生效后欧盟政治形态和运作机制的新框架。本文认为 ,欧盟各个政策领域中的一体化水平千差万别 ,在每个政策领域的各个政策阶段中各行为者的作用也不相同。通过以政策领域和政策阶段对欧盟政治进行解构 ,我们能够更加全面地发现 ,超国家政治和政府间政治是一种共生现象 ,它们不仅共生于每个政策领域之内 ,也共生于不同的政策领域之间 ,并发生复杂的联动关系。本文试图以最近几年在欧洲联盟内部围绕疯牛病事件而展开的贸易纠纷为实例 ,具体研究超国家政治和政府间政治之间复杂的共生和联动关系。

The debate on which will be the main focus of the study on EU politics, the neo functionalism or intergovernmentalism has been going on for years in the academic circle. Based on the reasonable parts of the two integration theories, the authors try to set up a new analytical framework on the political patterns and its mechanism after the Maastricht Treaty. The author point out that, the levels of integration in various policy areas are different, as well as the role of actors in the different stages of policy implementation in each policy area. The study shows that the relationship between supranational and intergovernmental politics is a kind of complementary relation that not only exists within every policy area but also between these different policy areas. This paper also examines the complicated complementary relations between supranational and inter governmental politics by the case study on the Mad Cow Disease debate within EU.