六朝门阀制度对江东士族儒学的影响

The Influence of Powerful Family Institutions in Six Dynasties on Confucianism of Jiangdong Aristocratic Families

关于六朝儒学衰而不亡的啄因,以往的研究多从儒学对门第制度的巩固作用等角度来诠释,但此说不足以充分解释六朝江东士族独具特色的儒学何以绵绵不绝。六朝门阀制度下文化发展的独特规律,为我们提供了考察这一问题的新视角:门第之别加深了社会各阶层的文化隔阂和文化差异,重视家学传承的心理衍生出了向慕古学的思潮,士族间的文化竞争增强了追求家族文化个性的风气。上述门阀社会所特有的文化传播方式和文化心理,为非主流学术的存续提供了一定的空间,为六朝江东士族儒学的保存发展提供了动力。

From a perspective of the Confucianist consolidation of the powerful family institutions, previous studies partly explained why Confucianism in Six Dynasties declined though not perished. These studies, however, fail to give a satisfactory explanation why the Confucianism with the characteristics of Jiangdong aristocratic families was preserved and even developed in Six Dynasties. The culturally unique development of powerful family system in Six Dynasties provides us a new angle for examining this issue. The difference of family status deepened the social classes with cultural estrangement. The tradition of highly valued paternal teaching brought forth an inclination to ancient learning. The cultural rivalry among the aristocratic families boosted a common practice of pursuing cultural characters of a family. The particular cultural dissemination and mentality helped create space for the existence of the offbeat learning and for the preservation of Confucianism of Jiangdong aristocratic families.