摘要
英国工业革命中劳工的生活标准问题在英国学术界曾引起过一场持久的争论.持悲观态度的学者认为劳工的生活标准总体上不断恶化,而乐观派则认为改善才是总体趋势,双方在对生活标准的定义、研究方法和理论基础上都存在严重的分歧.但悲观派的结论多是以主观依据为前提,因而失去了研究的客观性.综合研究整体经济增长、实际工资、消费模式等因素,就可以发现"改善"代表了劳工生活标准的一般趋势.
The debate of the standard of living in the industrial revolution has proved the most sustained controversy in British economic history. The pessimists believe that the standard of living was becoming worse and worse during the industrial revolution. The optimists maintain that the improvement had been experienced by the mass of the population. There are disagreements about definitions and theoretical basis between the two sides. The pessimists' conclusion is founded on some subjective judgement. It is insufficient in its objectivity. The changes of consumption pattern, the real wages and the economic development give more evidence for the improvement of standard of living.
出处
《历史教学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2004年第12期30-34,共5页
History Teaching
基金
天津师范大学校科研和教改项目