魏晋南北朝社会风气变异中的新文化因素

New Cultural Ingredients in the Ethos Differentiation during the Wei, Jin, and South and North Dynasties

魏晋南北朝的社会风气变异蕴涵着许多积极革新的文化因素 :“重家族 ,轻君臣”成为士族官僚们共同的价值选择 ,它最积极的意义就是把族姓阀阅放在与皇族分庭抗礼的平等位置上 ,甚至是凌驾于皇族之上 ;追求放荡狂达的行为方式 ,引发了由“分餐”、席地跪坐向“伙食”、垂足而坐等新生活方式的转型 ;聚敛财富、夸富斗奢 ,不仅强化了官僚们的经济创收意识 ,冲破了“食禄者不得与下民争利”的传统禁区 ,而且推动了中国衣食住行等大幅度的更新 ;妇女们对礼教的蔑视和发泄 ,创造了相对宽容的文化氛围 。

The differentiations of ethos in the Wei, Jin, and South and North Dynasties contain many innovatory cultural ingredients: 'valuing family, despising lieges and liege-men' became the common value choice of the bureaucrats. Its most positive meaning is that it stands up to royalty as an equal, and even overtops royalty. And going in for debauching behavior modes has generated the changes of life styles, such as the change from eating separately and sitting on the ground to eating together and sitting on the benches. To accumulate wealth by unfair means and make a boast of richness have consolidated the bureaucrats' sense of economic income, and, at the same time, have broken through 'the traditional forbidden zones that the bureaucrat cannot grab profits from the civilians', thus dramatically renewing Chinese customs and manners. More, as women's scorn for ceremonial has created a relatively tolerant cultural atmosphere for them, so it has changed the spirit of the then women.