鲁迅文学与古典传统——以《狂人日记》为例

Lu Xun Literary Creation and the Classical Tradition:With A Madman's Diary as an Example

鲁迅以"医术并非一件紧要的事"而弃医从文为小说,与罗贯中"传神稗史"和《三国演义》写吴押狱之妻焚华佗《青囊书》,以及古代"上医医国"的思想,有暗合的联系;《狂人日记》"吃人"之论及其艺术上的表现,受孔子"苛政猛于虎"和老、庄"仁义"之"庐""止可以一宿而不可久处"的思想,以及唐人小说《集异记·崔韬》、《聊斋志异·梦狼》、《幽明录·新鬼》等等的深刻影响。作为鲁迅文学有代表性的作品,《狂人日记》思想与艺术植根于古代思想与文学的事实,证明鲁迅文学与古典传统有密切而又曲折微妙的联系,值得学者更多的注意。

That Lu Xun abandoned medicine to pursue a literary career because 'medical skills are after all not so important at all' has a hidden connection with that Luo Guanzhong's 'writing novels to express his thoughts', and the story of Wu Yayu's wife burning The Book of Qing Nang described in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and the ancient idea that 'the best doctor cures the country'. The conclusion of 'man-eating' in A Madman's Diary and its artistic expression is deeply influenced by Confucius' idea that 'a bad government is worse than a tiger', by Lao Zi's and Zhuang Zi's idea that you can live in 'a house of Kindness' 'for only one night and not for long', and by the novels of the Tang Dynasty such as A Collection of Strange Stories: Cui Tao, and by The Strange Tales from the Studio of a Chinese Scholar: Dreaming of Wolves, and Records of Stories from Yin and Yang Worlds: New Ghost and so on. A Madman's Diary therefore reveals that Lu Xun the fact that its ideology and arts are rooted in ancient ideology and literature demonstrates that Lu Xun's Literary Creation has a close and subtle connection with the classical tradition and is thus worth of more attention from the scholars.