江西大岗山东侧森林土壤性质与肥力的关系

The Relationship between Forest Soil Properties and Fertility in the Eastern Side of Dagang Mountain, Jiangxi Province

江西大岗山年珠、上村两林场,海拔自高至低,依次分布着山地黄棕壤、黄壤、红黄壤、黄红壤和红壤,土壤有机质含量呈下降趋势(4.13％～2.2％);速效N呈递增趋势(16.15～25.20mg/100g土);速效P含量呈增加趋势(0.07～0.22mg/100g土);速效K变化不明显。过氧化氢酶活性在红壤中最低,其余几种土壤相接近;多酚氧化酶以山地黄棕壤活性最低,只有其它几种类型土壤的1/5,但其转化酶活性是红壤的2.7倍。海拔480m以上土壤中细菌数量是海拔480m以下的黄红壤和红壤的27～300倍;海拔480m以上土坝中放线菌是黄红壤和红壤的17～75倍,优势种群由高海拔的灰色菌丝群过渡到低海拔红壤的白色菌丝群,并出现分枝杆菌。真菌分布在红黄壤和黄红壤中的数量占微生物总数12％～15％,而其它土壤未到1％。土壤肥力以海拔325m以上的几种类型土壤较高,变化不明显,海拔325m以下呈明显的下降趋势。

There are mountain yellow brown soil, yellow soil,red yellow soil, yellow red soil and red soil was distributing from high altitude to low altitude in Nianzhu and Shangchun Forest Farms, in Dagang Mountain, Jiangxi Province. The soil organic matter decreases with the raise of elevation; available N increases from 17,63 to 25.20 mg/100g, available P increases from 0.07 to 0.22mg/100g soil, while the change of available K isn't clear. The activity of hydrogen peroxidase enzyme is similar to each other among different kinds of soils except the low activity in red soil. The polyphend oxidase enzyme activity is the lowest in yellow brown soil, which is 1/5 of the other types of soil, The amount of bacteria in soil over 480m above sea level is 27~300 times of that in red soil and yellow red soil below the elevation of 480 m respectively. The dominant population of actinomyces changes from grey hypha to white hypha, along with the occur-ence of branch bacilli-form bacteria as the elevation decline. Amount of fungi in yellow red soil and red soil occupies 12~15 percent of the total microorganism, but it is less than 1% among the other soil types. There is no obvious change in the fertility of different soil types above 325 m. while the fertility of soil type below 325 m decreases obviously