3Alan Cheuse and Nicholas Delbanco, Bernard Malamud : Talking Horse (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996), p. 137.
4Iska Alter, The Good Man ' s Dilemma : Social Criticism in the Fiction of Bernard Malamud (New York:AMS Press, Inc. , 1981), p.2.
5Peter L. Heys, "The Complex Pattern of Redemption", quoted from The Monological Jew - A Literary Study by Dembo, L.S. (Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, Ltd. , 1988), p. 184, n5.
