世纪之交中国文化和自然遗产保护与利用的关系

THE RELATIONS BETWEEN PRESERVATION AND USE OF CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGES OF CHINA AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURIES

世界遗产具有很高的自然科学和历史文化价值。由于自然力对世界遗产的长期破坏和 2 0世纪的工业化进程的影响 ,一项旨在保护全人类共同文化和自然遗产的《世界遗产公约》应运而生。世纪之交 ,中国的世界遗产和国家级遗产 (国家级风景名胜区 )也正面临着无节制的旅游开发行为的巨大威胁。本文以泰山索道工程为例 ,提出运用最低安全标准(SMS)界定遗产地保护与利用两者之间的度。文章指出 ,遗产价值的挖掘将随着社会的发展逐渐被深入下去 ,功能分区是处理当前遗产地保护与利用关系的可行手段。

World heritages and national heritages (scenic and historic interest areas) always have high natural or historical cultural values, just like geology, geomorphology, biology, ecology, history, literature, aesthetics, archeology, ethnology, folklore, etc. But these heritages have been suffering from the ruthless clean-out of earthquakes, volcanlsm, hurricane and more for a long time. In the 20th century, the course of global industrialization developed rapidly. Mankind continuously stretched its arms to nature for the need of the development of its own. So the earth met with the unprecedented problems how to live harmoniously together and how to bring durable development into effect. The social development posed a new challenge to the heritage preservation. Under the natural and man-made effect, the problem of world heritage was brought to the whole mankind. Finally, the World Heritage Convention was created against this background. At the turn of the century, the world heritage and scenic and historic interest areas in China are also faced with the great menace coming from the excessive tourism development. This article takes the cable-way in Mount Taishan as example, poses to take the way of safe minimum standard (SMS) to evaluate the great scale projects in reason which will enter the scenic and historic interest areas. The destruction of rocks and vegetation caused by cable-way project not only devastates the authenticity and integrity of Mount Taishan's landscape, but also the economic loss caused by rock-explosion and wood-cut even exceeds the profit caused by cable-way to the high level. It also can be understood as that, the evaluation for a project to be gone to effect reasonable or not depends on economics, ecology. That the principle of sustaintable development (an immaterial principle) also should take effect to limit and balance the choice for different policies. Finally, this paper points out, at different time the comprehension in the same heritage will be deepened step by step with the social development. So zoning between scientific research and tourism development is an available means to ensure the heritages to be handed to the offspring authentically and integrally at present.