边界效应与跨国界经济合作的地域模式——以东亚地区为例

THE BOUNDARY EFFECT AND CROSS-BORDER SUBREGIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION──A Case Study of East Asia

边界是划分不同政治实体及其管辖地域的政治地理界线。国际边界对地区经济发展有屏障和中介两种效应 ,并在一定条件下可相互转化。从跨国界经济合作的角度 ,可划分出封闭型、半封闭型和开放型等边界类型 ,不同的边界类型对跨国界次区域经济合作的影响不同。边界效应在空间维上是可变的 ,通过空间扩散向腹地外延。文中图示了核心腹地、紧密腹地和边缘腹地三种类型。在经济全球化和区域经济集团化的推动下 ,开放型边界逐渐增多 ,跨国界次区域经济合作日益发展 ,成为区域经济集团化的一种重要表现形式。本文以边界经济合作发展迅速的东亚地区为研究样本 ,提出了边界跨国界经济合作的 3种基本地域模式 ,即通道模式、贸易口岸模式和开发区模式 ,并探讨了各自在边界经济合作中的发展内涵及发展前景。

Boundary is a political geographical line between two different political entities. With its unique function, the national boundary has some barrier or intermediary effects no cross-border economic cooperation of both sides. There are three boundary patterns in the world according to the boundary effect on regional economic development, such as blocked boundary ,semi─blocked boundary and open boundary. Different pattern has its own characters. Boundary effect is also changeable in spatial dimension. The spatial diffusion of boundary effect exists everywhere with regularity. The boundary trade port has directly revealed a core space of boundary effect. Each boundary trade port has its own special hinterland which is the economic radiation sphere of the boundary port, otherwise the hinterland becomes the diffusion space of boundary effect. The boundary port is a network of goods flow, capital flow and information flow etc. The effect of boundary port to hinterland is decided by the energy level of boundary port, the distance from the boundary port, traffic accessibility and mutual benefit of natural resources. The higher the energy level of boundary port, the larger the radiation sphere. The traffic artery, therefore, has obviously shown an axis effect which directs axis of economic entity along the artery. With accordance of interaction intensity between boundary port and its hinterland, 3 hinterland patterns such as core hinterland, close hinterland and periphery hinterland are illustrated in the paper. The regional models of international economic cooperation in the boundary areas are put forward and described in detail in the article. The boundary effect has directly reflected in bilateral economic relation which has the basic models of passageway, trade port and development district. The passageway model is the most sensitive one to transfer of boundary effect. Once the political and military confrontation relaxes, boundary trade will suddenly increase. With the improvement in political relations, Yunnan has more than 90passageways to neighbor boundary counties.