中国科技园区位布局探析——以西安科技园区为例

INVESTIGATION ON LAYOUT OF CHINESE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PARK

科技园区是 2 0世纪高技术产业化方面最重要的创举 ,创建科技园区以发展高技术产业已成为国际趋势。国内外研究表明 ,科技园区成功的关键的因素之一是区位布局 ,一般只有大城市的区位条件 ,才能为高技术企业的技术创新提供各种聚集经济条件。因而科技园区必然在城市化地区首先出现。但国内外科技园区的实践证明 ,这一结论没有普遍性。本文分析了科技园区布局的一般规律 ,并以西安科技园区位布局为例作分析验证 ,以期为科技园区的布局提供科学依据。

Science park is an important pioneering action in relation to the industrialization of high technology in the 20th century. In developing science parks all over the world, there are not only successful examples, but also failing cases. It is stated by researches in China and abroad, that one of the key factors for the success is location distribution. Therefore, it has become a hot topic again in recent years to research the regularities of the distribution of the park area. The traditional location theory uses the cost effectiveness analysis method to gain the upmost economic and social efficiency by the lowest cost expenditure in the industrial distribution, so it has guiding meaning in the location distribution of science park. However, the traditional location theory can not completely explain the complicated problem of location distribution in science park. It is considered by recent researches, that generally only the location condition in big cities can provide various intensive economic conditions for the technological innovation in high-tech enterprises, so the science parks firstly appears in the urbanized districts. However, the practises in science parks both in China and abroad has showed that this conclusion has no the universality. Many science parks in developed countries including USA are not so successful. The main reason is the simple consideration of location in big urbanized regions, ignoring whether the big cities satisfy the conditions for developing high-tech industry, especially the conditions of intelligence and information for researching and developing high technology. This paper has analyzed and studied the general characteristics of the location distribution of science parks in China and abroad, considering that the location distribution of science park should simultaneously satisfy the five basic elements, namely location in urbanized regions with intensive intelligent resources, developed economy and technology, perfect infrastructure, abundant information resources and good living environment. The five basic elements form an organic unity, together making up the basic regularity for location distribution of science park. If one of the basic elements are seriously not satisfied, it can lead to failure of science park. This is the 'Wooden cask effect' of the location distribution for science park.