中国城市流动人口的空间结构

THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE FLOATING POPULATION IN CHINESE CITIES

利用中国公安部 1996年流动人口统计数据 ,采用空间统计分析方法和断裂点法 ,对中国城市流动人口的空间结构进行研究发现 ,中国城市流动人口主要集中在沿海地带 ,而且客观存在着三大城市流动人口圈 :①京津连流动人口圈。为中国第三大的城市流动人口圈 ,具有性别比高、来自圈外的流动人口比重大、以亲缘、地缘为纽带聚居等特点。②沪宁杭流动人口圈。为中国第二大的城市流动人口圈 ,具有来自省内的流动人口比重高、暂住时间差距大等特点。③广深厦流动人口圈。为中国最大的城市流动人口圈 ,具有女性流动人口比重高、来自外省的流动人口比重大等特点。

This paper makes a critical review about the researches on the floating population in China since the 1990s. Based on the floating population data in 1996 from the Ministry of Public Security of China, the spatial floating population in Chinese cities is analyzed. ①Method of research: Using visualization technique of GIS, the methods of spatial correlation analysis and snap-spot, this paper researches spatial distribution of floating population in Chinese cities. Firstly, the paper gets three-dimensional model of floating population in Chinese cities, and tries to find spatial difference of floating population in Chinese cities directly. Secondly, the paper tries to reveal the similarity of floating population in Chinese cities among different regions by Moran I and Local Moran I. Thirdly, using anisotropic variogram of the floating population in different direct in Chinese cities, the paper tries to find the regularity of floating population in Chinese cities. Fourthly, using the method of snap-spot, this paper regionalizes the urban floating population over the region following the line of Chinese sea. ②Conclusion: The floating population in Chinese cities is distributed over the region following the line of Chinese sea and focusing on three circles. a) The Beijing-Tianjin-Dalian floating population circle. It is the third biggest floating population circle whose sex proportion is 1.94 which is much higher than 1.22 of the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Xiamen floating population circle. The floating population from other provinces accouts for 74 percent of the total, which is much higher than the other two circles. By the kinship and the area, the floating population in Beijing resides together. b) The Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou floating population circle. It is the second biggest floating population circle whose proportion of floating population from other provinces accouts for 49 percent, which is much higher than 25 percent of the Beijing-Tianjin-Dalian floating population circle and 44 percent of the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Xiamen floating population circle. The stay-time of this circle floating population is different. c) The Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Xiamen floating population circle. It is the biggest floating population circle whose sex proportion is 1.22, which is much lower than the average of the nation. The floating population from other provinces is 56 percent of the total, higher than the average 51 percent of the Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou floating population circle.