浅论中美大使级会谈的背景

On the Background of Ambassadorial-Level Talks Between China and the US

中美大使级会谈是一个僵持性谈判。在冷战白热化的年代里 ,中美两国为什么要启动这样一个双边谈判 ?了解启动中美大使级变化的历史背景 ,有助于了解我们理解其僵持的原因。本文认为 ,中美两国启动大使级谈判的背景为日后双方的谈判出现长期僵持局面埋下了伏笔。在要不要进行双边接触的问题上 ,中美两国采取了不同的政策和态度。基于解决台湾问题的需要 ,中国一直在积极地寻求双边接触的办法和途径 ,而美国则不断地回避接触 ,第一次台海危机的爆发并没有促使美国与中国进行直接接触 ,而中国随后的一系列外交活动却迫使美国不得不考虑通过双边接触的方式化解危机。在讨论中美双方会谈的议程和谈判内容上 ,双方存在着巨大矛盾 ,其实质是对待台湾问题的政策目标的根本对立。

The ambassadorial level talks between China and the US were drawn out negotiations. Understanding the historical background of these talks helps us to understand why, when the Cold War was at its peak, China and the US launched these bilateral negotiations and why they became deadlocked. China and the US adopted different policies and stances regarding whether to enter into bilateral engagement. Based on the need to address the Taiwan Question, China consistently and actively sought a means to bilateral engagement, but the US constantly spurned engagement. The first Taiwan Sea crisis did not encourage the US to engage with China, but a series of diplomatic maneuvers by China gave America no choice but to consider engagement to defuse the crisis. In discussing the agenda and content of negotiations, there were major conflicts between the two sides, and their policy objectives regarding Taiwan were fundamentally at odds.