美国对中国“文化大革命”的反应(1966～1968)

The United States'Response to China's Cultural Revolution(1966～1968)

196 6年 7月 ,迫于国际局势的压力 ,约翰逊政府提出了“遏制但不孤立”中国的政策 ,但该政策提出后并没有得到有始有终的实施。美国学者的一种观点认为 ,其原因在于中国的“文化大革命”运动阻碍了美国的外交努力 ,使中美之间失去了一次改善关系的重要机会。然而 ,美国国务院最新解密的外交政策档案显示 ,这一观点的准确性值得怀疑。美国对“文化大革命”运动的反应有自己的政策考虑 :它为中国这场内乱设定了目标 ,即希望这场运动导致中国政局发生有利于美国的变化。 1 96 7年中后期 ,随着“文化大革命”局势的渐趋稳定 ,美国的期望落空 。

In July 1966 the Johnson administration proposed a policy of `containment but not isolation' for China.This policy was,however,never put into practice.One view among American scholars is that this was so because China's Cultural Revolution obstructed the United States' diplomatic efforts,and China and the US lost a major opportunity to improve relations.However,newly declassified documents from the US Department of State show that this view is suspect.The US response to the Cultural Revolution was predicated on its own policy considerations.Its hopes for China's domestie turmoil were that it would lead to changes in China's politics favorable to US interests.In the later part of 1967,as the Cultural Revolution steadily stabilized,these American hopes came to nothing.But hard-liners in the US government refused to try new initiatives in China policy.