再认中意识和无意识的贡献大小——兼论内隐记忆的抗老化现象

MORE ON THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND UNCONSCIOUSNESS TO RECOGNITION: ANTI-AGING OF IMPLICIT MEMORY

本研究以探索记忆中意识和无意识贡献大小为目的 ,采用年龄和材料两个自变量 ,年龄分中青年和老年两组 ,被试均为 2 3人 ,材料分文字和非文字两种。实验通过PDP的包含和排除测验计算意识和无意识的贡献大小。结果发现 :(1)意识在不同年龄和不同材料的记忆中所起作用的差异极为显著 ;(2 )无意识在文字材料的记忆中所起作用的差异极为显著 ;(3)无意识在非文字材料和不同年龄的记忆中所起的作用的差异均不显著。由此推论 ,老年人记忆中无意识贡献并未下降。这似说明 ,老年人内隐记忆并未老化。

The present experiment explored the contributions of consciousness and unconsciousness, which were made by inclusion and exclusion tests of PDP. It included two independent variables: age (middle-aged and old) and material (linguistic and nonlinguistic). There were 23 subjects. The results were: 1) the effect of consciousness greatly varied with age and material; 2) the effect of unconsciousness evidently varied with the linguistic material; 3 ) the effect of unconsciousness was not significant in nonlinguistic material or different ages. Therefore, we conclude that the contributions of unconsciousness to old people' s memory don't decline, which indicates their implicit memory does not seem to be aging.