多维视野中的语言与性别研究

A multidimensional perspective on language and gender study

当代语言与性别研究存在两元论和多元论之争 ,缺陷论、差异论和先天论都属于前者研究的范畴 ,形成该领域的主流 ;而建构论属于后者 ,它是 2 0世纪 90年代在西方国家出现的新思潮 ,其核心观点是 ,性别是在交际活动中建构的 ,而不是事先存在的 ,也不是固定不变的 ;但这并不等于说性别的建构是自由的 ,不受其它因素的制约。研究者只有采取动态和静态、宏观与微观相结合的方法 ,才能取得令人满意和具有普遍意义的成果。

There exist the disputes between binary thinking and pluralistic thinking on the study of language and gender today. The models of deficit, difference and innateness belong to the former category, forming the main stream, while social constructionism falls into the latter category, a new school of thought which appears in Western countries in 1990's. The constructionists hold that gender does not preexist, it is constructed in community of practice. But that does not necessarily mean it is free without the constraints of other factors. Researchers cannot get satisfying results or generalizations without an integrative study from both dynamic and static, macro and micro approaches.