大学生应对策略的特点及其与社会支持水平关系的研究

Coping Strategies and Perceived Social Support among University Studnets: Its Relationship and Gender Difference

以 4 2 3名大学生为被试 ,采用问卷法考察了大学生应对策略的特点、性别差异及其与社会支持之间的关系。研究发现 :( 1 )大学生更多地倾向于使用积极解决问题和寻求情感支持的应对策略 ,而转移注意力和消极解决问题应对策略相对较少 ;( 2 )社会支持总体感受水平与积极解决问题和寻求情感支持的应对策略显著正相关 ,而与消极解决问题和转移注意力的应对策略显著负相关 ;对男生而言 ,社会支持感受在积极解决问题应对策略上贡献率相对较大 ;对女生而言 ,社会支持感受在寻求情感支持应对策略上贡献率相对较大 ;( 3)不仅不同性别大学生的应对策略存在显著差异 ,而且不同社会支持感受水平的同性别大学生的应对策略也存在显著差异。男生比女生采取更多的消极解决问题策略 ,而采取更少的寻求情感支持应对策略 ;不论男生或女生高社会支持感受组均比低社会支持感受组采用更多的积极解决问题和寻求情感支持的应对策略 。

The present study examined the relationship between coping strategies and perceived social support as well as its gender difference in late adolescence by asking 423 university students to fill out questionnaires. The results indicated that (1) Male and female students all resorted more to active-solving problem strategies, while the attention distracting strategies were used fewer and the negative-solving problem strategies were used the fewest. (2) The level of students' perception of social support was positively correlated with active-solving problem and seeking emotional support while being negatively correlated with negative-solving problem and attention distracting coping strategies. The contribution of perceived social support was relatively higher on the seeking emotional support coping for female students while being relatively higher on the active-solving problem coping for male students. (3) The difference of studnets' coping strategies could be found not only between different gender groups, but also between groups with high-level or low-level perceived social support even within the same gender group. Male students reported using significantly more negative-solving problem and fewer seeking emotional support strategies than female. Whether male or female students, those who with higher perceived social support reported more positive-solving problem and seeking emotional support coping strategies while less negative-solving problem and attention distracting coping strategies than those who with lower perceived social support.