当代中国户籍制度的成因考

Investigation of the Cause of the Formation of the Chinese Present Domicile System

当代中国的户籍制度建立于1958年,有它的必然性。当时盲流问题逐步升级,不做出这种制度安排,将会严重影响农业生产,进而影响中国以农业为基础的工业化的进程。事实说明,当时中国的城市无法吸收这些农村剩余劳动力,相反,通过发展农村工业使农民就地变为工人,是惟一可能的选择。整个50年代,粮食安全问题始终是摆在中国人面前的高压棒,落后的中国农业不能为日益增多的城市人口提供足够的粮食供应。这些因素叠加在一起,当代中国的户籍制度建立就成为必然。

The Chinese present domicile system was established in 1958, which had its rationality and inevitability. With the gradual increasing of the problem of'mang-liu',it would affect the agricultural production seriously in the absence of the arrangement of the system, and further affect China's process of industrialization, which is based on the agriculture. The facts indicated that the city of China could not absorb the surplus labors from rurals at that time. On the contrary, it was the only choice to change peasants into workers on the spot by developing rural industry. In whole 1950's, the problem of the safety of grain supply had always been a high-pressure stick in the front of the Chinese. The backward agriculture of China could not provide enough grain supply for the daily increasing urban population.All these factors added together, the establishment of the Chinese present domicile system was inevitable.