应用聚丙烯酰胺的环境与生态行为研究

Study on the Applied Environment and Ecotoxicological Behavior of Polyacrylamide in Oilfield

聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)在油田中的大量使用,其环境和生态行为及降解产物对环境的潜在危害,都亟待去研究。本文分析论述了其物理、化学性质及化学降解、机械降解、热降解、生物降解性,及影响其在土壤中的被吸附的因素和生态毒理学研究,提出有待进一步研究的课题为:PAM在油藏条件下的降解机理和降解速度;PAM及其衍生物在环境中的存在形式及其迁移转化的方式,在生物体内的存在形式及其在生物圈内的迁移转化等。

The application of polyacrylamide (PAM) to polymer flooding in oilfields for enhancing oil recovery may destroy the environment of oilfield. The physical and chemical properties, degradation, stability and toxicological behavior of polyacrylamide are described. The influencing factors for adsorption of PAM in soil and its degradations are analyzed. The further researched problems about PAM degradation in oilfield are proposed.