炼字论纲

On the Precis of Handling Word

古人非常重视“炼字”,但大多囿于具体用例的点评。在目前流行的现代汉语修辞学的教材 和论著中,在谈到词语的运用时,又大多限于“词语的选择”,惜乎缺少对于炼字的较为全面系统的论述。 本文借用传统修辞学中“炼字”这一概念,指代一般的修辞学论著中常说的“词语的锤炼”,即对词语的精 心运用。其中的“词语”包含现代意义上的“词”和“熟语”,有时还包括某些临时组合,但具有特定含义的 短语;其中的“锤炼”,则包含对词语的选择、修饰、加工、改造和创新。围绕这五个方面,文章论述了“炼 字”的内容、途径、方式、目的、作用等,由此尝试建立较为全面的“炼字”的理论框架。

The ancients regarded handling words very important,but it was restricted to analysis for the examples.Nowadays ,when people talk about handling words,it also is restricted to word's choce.It is pity that lack of the system of handling word theory.This paper borrow the traditional rhetoric concept of handling word to denotation the meaning of trying to manage the exact word.The 'word'includes the words with mdem tines meaning and idio.The 'handling word'includes word choice,word decoration,word machining,word rebuilding,and word innovation.Around these five aspects,this paper discussed the content,approach,manner,and purpose of handling words,and try to build a all-around tyeory sysyem for handling word.