内蒙古新发现元代铜火铳及其意义

A Newly Discovered Huochong-gun of the Yuan Dynasty in Inner Mongolia

内蒙古蒙元文化博物馆收藏一件有明确纪年的元代铜火铳 ,该器发现于元上都遗址东北达特淖日之东。铳型为碗口铳 ,铳身竖刻两行八思巴文铭文 ,词义译为 :大德二年于迭额列数整八十。“大德二年”为公元1298年 ,“数整八十”为编号。以往发现的火铳有明确纪年最早的一件为元至顺三年(1332年)碗口铳 ,而大德二年铳则比其早了34年 ,因而成为目前所知中国和世界上最早的火炮。

The gun in the collection of the Shangyuan Museum in Inner Mongolia is a clearly dated one discovered to the east of Datnor near the site of Upper Capital of the Yuan.It was cast as a whole,and bears two lines of inscription in the Phagspa script referring to“the second year of the Dade reign period”(AD1298).Thirty-four years earlier than the one dated to the third year of the Zhishun reign period(AD1332),the gun is the oldest huotong in China and the world as well.