全面建设小康社会的能源合理利用与CO_2减排

Energy Resources Use Properly and Carbon Dioxide Emission Limits in the Process of Building the All-Roundly Well-off Society in China

与世界发达国家的比较,可以发现中国能源消费结构以煤为主,CO2排放总量大但人均量小,单位能耗的CO2排放指标偏高。21世纪头20年是中国全面建设小康社会的关键时期,在人口将继续增长、能耗规模继续增大、以煤为主的能源结构难以根本改变的情况下,如何实现CO2减排,是对中国的严峻挑战。借鉴发达国家的经验教训,该文提出优化产业结构,不断提高新技术产业和第三产业的比例;改善能源结构,提高水电、核能、太阳能及生物能等清洁能源比例;引进和开发能源环保技术,提高能源利用效率;以法律、政策和经济手段,促进能源合理利用和削减CO2的排放量的设想和对策。

With economy developing rapidly and population increasing, China has been one of the world's leading countries emitting greenhouse gases. Of course, if the present energy use patterns persist, the volume of carbon-dioxide emissions from China will continue growing with a higher speed. As a result, China will overtake the United States as the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases in the near future. Comparing consumption and CO_2 (carbon dioxide) emission of China with the developed countries, we can find some characters of China as follows: the gross amount of energy consumption and CO_2 emission is great while those of per capita is little; coal consumption occupies a most important position in the structure of energy consumption; the CO_2 emission index of energy consumption per unit is high. The first two decades in the 21st century is a key period of China's building all-round well-off society. During this time, China will still face some serious conditions: such as population will go on increasing; the scale of energy consumption will enlarge; coal will still be consumed mainly in energy consumption structure. The serious challenge China faces is how to reduce CO_2 emission. Learning from the developed country's experience, the article advices some tentative suggestions and countermeasures as follows: 1) optimizing the industry structure, increasing the proportion of high-tech industry and tertiary industry continuously; 2) improving energy consumption structure and increasing the proportion of clean energy, such as hydro power, wind energy source, geothermal energy, ocean energy, nuclear electricity, solar energy and biologic energy; 3) Introducing and developing the technology of environmental protection, and increasing the efficiency of energy use; 4) as we go on exploring and exploiting oil and natural gas in the homeland, we should take full advantage of foreign oil and natural gas to improve it in proportion of our energy consumption structure; 5) Advancing energy use properly and decreasing the amount of CO_2 emission by means of law and policy.