在罪与责中寻找精神突围——鲁迅与陀思妥耶夫斯基负罪意识比较

Searching for Spiritual Breakthrough from Incriminatory of Consciousness and Self-condemnation ——A Comparison of Incriminatory Consciousness between Lu Xun and Dostoryevsky

鲁迅与陀思妥耶夫斯基作品中都有明显而执著的负罪意识,他们都将个人的负罪感、痛苦感融入群体当中,进而承担起对整个民族和全人类的前途的忧患重任。但是,他们负罪意识产生的根源不同,鲁迅是因为他的理想与传统的道德伦理观念之间发生了强烈冲突而产生了负罪意识;陀氏则是因为追求自由的天性与他虔诚的宗教信仰在内心形成了严重的冲突,从而产生严重的负罪意识。他们的释罪方式也不同,鲁迅的释罪方式是否定自我,以求得社会的进步与发展,而陀氏释罪的方式是经过苦难的净化,肯定自我。

Conspicuously consistent incriminatory consciousness can be always found in the works of both Lu Xun and Doistoryevsky. Both writers melt individual incriminatory senses and torment into that of collectivity,and then undertake heavy responsibility from the perspective of the future of their nations and even the whole human beings. However,living in different countries and national background gives rise to their different sources of incriminatory consciousness: as for Lu Xun,strong conflict between his ideals and traditional moral standards and concepts cause thus incriminatory consciousness;Doistoryevsky felt this incriminatory consciousness because of the strong conflict between his nature to pursue freedom and his pious religious beliefs. Ways for them to release their incriminatory consciousness are also different: Lu Xun released it by self-negation so as to enable to progress of the whole society while Doistoryevsky did it by ego-affirmation through depuration of tribulations.