中国南北方居民一年中营养素摄入量的变化趋势研究

Trend of seasonal change on intake of nutrients in a year of the residents in both Northern and Southern China

目的 了解我国南北方居民一年内营养素摄入量的变化 ,判定营养素摄入是否具有季节性差异。方法 采用 2 4小时膳食回顾调查法对中国典型的北方农村和南方城乡三地合计约 30 0名健康成年居民进行膳食调查 ,一年内共调查 6次 ,两月一次 ,每次连续调查 3天。根据食物摄入量的调查结果 ,计算出每人每天能量和各种营养素的摄入量。结果 三地居民平均每天的能量、蛋白质以及脂肪的摄入量是充足的。我国典型南北方居民能量以及三大营养素 (蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物 )摄入量的季节性差异较小 ;硫胺素、核黄素、维生素E、烟酸以及锌的季节性变化也不大 ;视黄醇当量、抗坏血酸、钾和钙的摄入量则存在明显季节性差异。结论 通过对我国南北方三地一年多次的膳食调查结果分析 ,农村地区若避开 1月份的农闲季节和 7月份的农忙季节 ,其它月份进行的营养调查结果可以代表调查对象平常的膳食摄入情况 ;城市地区在一年的任何月份进行营养调查 。

Objective To study the change of intake of nutrients in a year,and determinant whether there is any change of intake of nutritions according to different seasons of the people in both northern and southern China.Methods The method of 24-hour diet history recall was used to study about 300 healthy adults in three areas,a rural area in the northern and rural plus urban areas in the southern.The study was carried out once per two month,and each time last 3 days.Based on the amount of food intake,the amount of both nutrition and energy per person and per day was calculated.Results The amount of energy,protein,carbohydrate,fat intake of the residents in three areas was adequate.There was almost no significant difference of intake of energy and three major nutrients (protein,fat and carbohydrate) both in the southern and northern part of China among different seasons,as well as the seasonal intake of thiamin,riboflavin,vitamin E,niacin,and zinc.While the difference of intake of retionl (μgRE),ascorbic acid,potassium and calcium were significant among different seasons.Conclusion This study showed that,in rural areas,any dietary survey should avoid January and July,which is either slack or busy season for farmers.In urban areas,any time of a year should not influence the results of a dietary survey.