陆地棉同核异质系异源胞质的遗传效应

Studies on Genetic Effects of Eight Alloplasmic Lines of Gossypium spp,Races and the Homo Nuclear Line of Zhongmian 7

通过核代换培育了具有亚洲棉(G.arboreum)、草棉(C.herbaceum)、异常棉(G.anomalum)、长萼棉(G.longicalyx)、哈克尼西棉(G.harknesii)、海岛棉(G.barbadense)、和陆地棉(C.hirsutum)野生种系蓬蓬棉(G.h.purpurascens)、墨西哥野生棉(C.h.mexicanum)等8个棉属种和种系胞质的中棉所7号同核系,并培育了中棉所7号自交系。在检验同核异质系核的同质性基础上研究了胞质遗传效应,结果所有供研究的胞质对产量、产量性状及除花器官外的形态特征均没有显著影响,胞质的遗传效应主要表现对花器官及抗枯萎病性的影响;哈克尼西棉胞质导致雄性完全不育并显著增加花药数量,笔形冠长度和直径显著变小,亚洲棉和异常棉胞质引起花药数量显著减少,笔形冠形状发生显著变化,亚洲棉胞质对抗枯萎病有较显著效应。

The genetic effects of heteroplasm and homonucleus lines were evaluated.The nucleus belongs to Zhongmian 7.The cytoplasms came from eight different Gossypium species or types,which are G.arboreum,G.herbaceum,G.anomalum,G.longicalyx,G.harknessii, G.barbadense and two wild seminatural types of G.hirsutum(G.H.purpurasces and G.H. mexicanum).The results indicated that all cytoplasms have no significant effects on yield and yield characters except morphological characters of flowering organ.Flowering organ and Fusarium wilt—resistance could be influenced by the cytoplasms genetic effects.The numbers of anthers of G.harknessii increased due to male—sterility,but the length and diameter of square decreased.The numbers of anthers of G.arboreum and G.herbaceum decreased,the morphological characters of squares significantly changed.The cytoplasms of G.arboreum have significant effects on fusarium wilt resistance.