1Hirsh J, Bates S. Prognosis in acute pulmonary embolism. Lancet, 1999,353 (9162): 1375-1376.
2Giuntini C, Di Ricco G, Marini C, et al. Pulmonary embolism: epidemiology. Chest, 1995, 107 (1 Suppl): 3S-9S.
3Chan TC, Vilke GM, Pollack M, et al. Electrocardiographic manifestations: pulmonary embolism. J Emerg Med, 2001, 21 (3): 263-270.
4Daniel KR, Courtney DM, Kline JA. Assessment of cardiac stress from massive pulmonary embolism with 12-lead ECG. Chest, 2001, 120 (2):474-481.
5Lee AY, Ginsberg JS. The role of D-dimer in the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism. Curr Opin Pulm Med, 1997, 3 (4): 275-289.
6Giannitsis E, Muller-Bardorff M, Kurowski V, et al. Independent prognostic value of cardiac tropnin T in patients with confirmed pulmonary embolism. Circulation, 2000, 102 (2): 211-217.
7Drucker EA, Rivitz SM, Shepard JA, et al. Acute pulmonary embolism:assessment of helical CT for diagnosis. Radiology, 1998, 209 ( 1 ): 235-241.
8Wells PS, Ginsberg JS, Anderson DR, et al. Use of a clinical model for safe management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. Ann Intern Med, 1998, 129 (7): 997-1005.
9Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger M, et al. Derivation of a simple clinical model to categorize patients probability of pulmonary embolism: incressing the models utilty with the SimpliRED D-dinmer. Thromb Haemost, 2000,83 (3): 416-420.
5[1]Task force on pulmonary Embolism,European socicty of cardiology guidelines on diagnosis and mangement of acre pulmonary embolism.Eut heart,2000,21(6):1301-1336
6Torbickl A,Perrier A,Konstantinides S,et al.Guldelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism:the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism of the European Society of Cardiology(ESC)[J].Eur Heart J,2008,29(18):2276-2315.
7Kearon C,Kahn SR,Agnelli G,et al.Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease:American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines(8th Edition)[J].Chest,2008,133(6 Suppl):454S-545S.
