陆军官兵心理需要的分析

Analysis of psychological needs by army officers and soldiers

目的 :研究陆军官兵心理需要 ,为部队有关部门科学决策提供心理学依据 .方法 :采用开放式问卷、心理访谈和聚类分析筛选项目 ,编制《军人心理需要问卷》 ,陆军官兵 2 39人有效完成问卷 .结果 :①陆军官兵同时并存多种需要 ,与马斯洛需要层次论不完全吻合 ;② 15种需要因子排序最重要的5项为睡眠及休息、躯体健康、职业环境、自我发展、个人能力 ;③不同职务、不同学历陆军官兵在职业安全和友谊需要上存在显著差异 .结论 :陆军官兵心理需要是多种多样和并存的 ,因此是在部队管理工作或心理疏导工作中 ,应对官兵心理需要加以科学、有效地引导 .

AIM: To analyze the psychological needs of the army officers and soldirers and to provide psychological basis for rational policy-making.METHODS: A “questionnaire for the army officers and soldiers psychological needs”was made based on opening questionnaires,psychological interviews,clustering analysis and choosing items, and was used in 234 officers and soldiers. RESULTS: ① Many kinds of simultaneous needs were found, which were not in exact consistency with Maslow's hierarchy of needs. ② Among the fifteen needs,the most important five were: sleep and rest, physical health, occupational environment,self-development, and individual ability. ③ For different ranks and educational levels, the army officers and soldiers were significantly different in needs for occupational security and friendship. CONCLUSION: The psychological needs for the army officers and soldiers are quite different and these needs are multiple. Rational guidance and consultation are needed in the management of military units.