重构我国行政诉讼原告资格制度的思考

Re-construction of the System of Qualification of the Plaintiff in Administrative Litigation

基于对我国行政诉讼制度发展现状的考虑 ,我国行政诉讼类型目前宜划分为撤销诉讼、确认诉讼、履行诉讼等三类。在此基础上 ,可借鉴美国的“事实损害标准”确立一种以“权益损害”为基本标准 ,视诉讼类型的不同而起诉条件各异 ,并辅之以“案例规则”为适当补充的原告资格制度基本框架。在三种诉讼类型中 ,撤销诉讼的原告资格最为宽泛 ,确认诉讼的原告资格要窄于撤销诉讼 ,履行诉讼的原告资格最易于确定。

Considering the reality of the development of the system of administrative litigation in China, it is suitable to divide the administrative litigation into three types: action of revocation, action of affirmation and action of performance Based on this classification, a framework of the system of qualification of the plaintiff can be determined with “rights and interests infringed” as the fundamental standard with “case rules” as its complement We should differentiate the requirements of accusation according to different action types Among these three types of actions, the plaintiff's qualification is most lenient in the first type, and the strictest in the third type