广州市天河区居民意外伤害流行病学特征分析

An epidemiological survey on injuries among residents in Tianhe district of Guangzhou city

目的 探讨广州市天河区居民意外伤害的流行病学特征及影响因素 ,为开展伤害预防干预提供依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法 ,以问卷方式调查广州市天河区居民过去一年的意外伤害发生情况。结果 共调查天河区居民 2 85 3人 ,意外伤害发生率为 13.99% ,男、女分别为2 2 .0 8%和 17.19% ,男性高于女性 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,伤害次数发生率为 19.6 3%。跌倒 /坠落、扭伤和碰撞 /挤压伤是最常见类型 ,最常见的伤害地点是家里 /宿舍、学校 /幼儿园和道路。 2 .32 %的受伤居民需住院治疗 ,35 .89%的受伤居民需医院门诊处理。伤害的危险因素有中小学生、0～ 14岁儿童少年、文化程度为初中及以下、15～ 39岁青壮年、自评 (或家长自评 )性格外向者及家庭人均年收入 5 0 0 0～ 19999元的人群等。结论 意外伤害严重影响天河区居民的健康 ,给家庭和社会造成经济损失。预防重点是针对不同人群进行健康安全教育 ,尤其是培训家长和教师 ,提高其安全知识水平 ,以减少儿童青少年意外伤害的发生。

Objective To get the epidemiological characteristics of injuries among residents in Tianhe district of Guangzhou city, to explore relative factors and to provide guide for injury prevention and intervention. Methods Residents were chosen with random cluster sampling in Tianhe district of Guangzhou city. Questionnaires were used for epidemiological survey to understand the epidemic of injuries among residents during the past year. Results The incidence rate of injuries among 2 853 residents in the area was 13.99% between Oct.2002 and Oct.2003. The incidence of male ( 22.08%) was higher than that of female (17.19%), and the difference of injury incidence was statistically significant ( P<0.001). The common 3 types of injuries were slip falls, sprains and collision. The common locations of injuries were home/dormitory, school/kindergarten and road. 2.32% of injured residents needed hospitalization and 35.89% needed to go to clinic department. Logistic regression analysis showed the following risk factors were statistically significant: students in grade school and junior high school, children aged 0～14, residents with junior high school or below education level, subjects aged 15～39, out-going personality, and family with per capital income of 5 000～19 999 RMB, etc. Conclusions Unintentional injury of residents was a high-priority public health problem in Tianhe district of Guangzhou city, which imposed enormous economic burdens on families and society. It implicated that we should take some specific safety and health education programs for those residents with different characteristics. Education on parents and teachers must be a key element of program designed to reduce children injuries.