上颌动脉第一和第二段的应用解剖研究

Applied anatomical investigation of the first and second segments of the internal maxillary artery

目的 为临床下颌骨髁突手术相关解剖提供上颌动脉第一、二段的形态学资料。方法 用 3 2侧成人头颅标本 ,解剖上颌动脉至翼上颌裂处 ,观察其走行、毗邻和分支情况。结果 上颌动脉通常自下颌骨后缘后方 ( 2 .4± 1.3 )mm处起始 ,呈“S”形( 71.9% )或直线形 ( 2 8.1% )越过髁突和下颌切迹的内面 ,该段即第一段 ,与髁突和下颌切迹关系密切。下颌动脉行至翼外肌下缘移行为第二段 ,紧贴翼外肌表面斜向内上 ,进入翼上颌裂之前与颊神经关系密切。

Objective To supply the morphological data of the first and second segments of the internal maxillary artery for the clinical treatments such as cutting the condylar process of the mandible. Methods A total of 32 sides of adult head samples were dissected, exposing the internal maxillary artery from its origination to the pterigomaxillary fissure. The courses and branches of the artery as well as relationships around the artery were studied. Results Most commonly the internal maxillary artery was originated from the external artery behind the posterior border of mandible and the spacing between them was only (2.4±1.3) mm. The first segment of the artery was like an “S” (71.9%) or a straight line (28.9%), coming deeply across the condylar process of the mandible and having a close relationship with the condylar process and the mandibular notch. The second segment of the artery originated from the inferior border of the lateral pterygoid muscle, went through on the muscle, and then entered medially superiorly into the pterigomaxillary fissure. Before entering the fissure, the artery was closely related to the buccal nerve. Conclusion Knowing relationship of the internal maxillary artery with the around structures is helpful to avoid hurting the artery during operation.