东莞明代古尸的鉴定和塑化保存研究

Identification and plastication on the ancient corpses at Ming dynasty excavated in Donguang city

目的 对东莞出土的 2具明代古尸进行清理鉴定和塑化保存。方法 详细剖检并用体质人类学的测量方法对性别、年龄、身高等进行鉴定 ;用组织学方法对器官组织结构进行光镜检查 ;用直接涂片法和飘浮沉淀法镜检肠道寄生虫卵 ;应用本室获得的国家发明专利技术对此 2具古尸进行塑化保存。结果 男性古尸死时年龄约 5 0岁、生前身高约 1 70m、出土时体重 4 5kg ,女性古尸死时年龄约 80岁、生前身高约 1 5 8m、出土时体重 2 2kg ;组织学检查 ,男性古尸部分横纹肌镜下可见肌纤维胞核、女性古尸子宫平滑肌镜下可见肌纤维胞核 ;男性古尸肠道镜检可见华支睾吸虫卵、鞭虫卵和蛔虫卵 ,女性古尸肠道除上述虫卵外 ,还可见布氏姜片虫卵 ;此 2具古尸经塑化保存数年 ,外观、质地至今完好如初。结论 此 2具古尸的鉴定和保存对东莞明代历史发展的研究有重大意义 ;现代生物塑化技术是长期优质保存古尸的新途径。

Objective To identify and plasticate the two corpses of Ming Dynasty excavated in Tonguang city. Methods The anthropologic physique measurement was carried out to identify the sex, age,height, weight and other items; Histologic technique was used to examine microstructure of some organs; Parasite eggs were detected under light microscopy in smears of remains in large intestines; The national invent patent special for preserving the biological relics was carried out to preserve the corpses.Results The male corpse was about 50 years old, 1.70 m height, and the female corpse 80 years old,1.70 m height; The cellular nucleus of diaphragm in the male corpse and of uteru musles in the female one could be seen under light microscopy; Eggs of Clonorchis sinensis,leishmania donovani,ascaris were detected in the two corpses, and that of fasciolopsis buski was also found in the female corpse; The two ancient corpses plasticsted were preserved in a good position up to now.Conclusion The identification and plastication for the two ancient coroses play an important role in studying the social development in Ming dynasty in Tonguang city and the national invent patent special for preserving the biological relics is a new reliable way.