湖湘文化的精神特质及其影响下的精英人物

The Spiritual Characters of Hunan Culture and the Elite under its Influence

湖湘文化包括两个层面的内涵,从广义来看,是指自古以来陆续生息在湖南的各族人民在长期历史过程中所创造形成的具有独特个性之民风、民俗、社会意识、科学文化乃至物质文化等的总和;从狭义上看,则是指在此基础上所发展和积淀起来的文化精神。湖湘文化的精神特质来源于湖湘大地民族文化、学术思想及社会阶级(阶层)分野三个层面的六个子系统。这些层面系统具有的文化特质使湖湘文化构成了一个多层次、多侧面、复杂矛盾、优劣共生的复合体。王夫之、曾国藩、毛泽东是这一地域文化精神特质所熏陶孕育的精英人物。

The meaning of Hunan culture contains two aspects. Broadly speaking, it refers to the sum total of unique folk custom, social consciousness, scientific culture, or even material culture invented by people of all nationalities in Hunan during the long historical period from the ancient times. In a narrow sense, it refers to the cultural spirit developed and accumulated by the people upon this basis. The spiritual characters of Hunan culture come from six branch systems of the three dimensions of Hunan national culture, academic thoughts and social strata. The cultural characters contained in these systems render Hunan culture in a form of compound mixture of multi-layers, multi-sides, complex contradiction and the intergrowth of advantages and disadvantages. Wang Fuzhi, Zeng Guofan and Mao Zedong are the elite who were nurtured in such cultural spirit of regional characters.