传统诗学的解构与颠覆——对温庭筠词的一种描述

Deconstruction and Subversion of Traditional Poetics——a description of the lyrical poems of Wen Tingyun

学界对温庭筠词的评价,无论是说它浓艳香软,缺乏深情,还是说它深美闳约,都是从传统诗学的意义上来评价的。在晚唐社会结构变化的历史背景下,作为中国文学史上第一个大力作词的文人,温庭筠的词创作解构了中国古典诗学的传统。它解构了诗言志的传统,词人不再带着极为浓烈的主观感情去创作,只是为了配合宴席歌舞中的即兴演唱,于是,作者的主观情感隐退了,客观景物的装饰就成了烘托作品中人物形象的最佳手段,装饰性也就成了温词的重要特点。温词还解构了诗忧患的传统,词人以一种特有的"热感"投入了词的创作,传统的忧患代言人的地位在温词中隐退了。充斥于他词中的是客观物象的叠加和组合,以此形成一种客观的观照,形成一种不带作者情感色彩的语言形态。对传统的解构使得温庭筠在创作中尤为关注词的形式,这种对形式的充分关注对于词学的发展是很有意义的。

From the traditional view of poetics, the academic circles has given an assessment of Wen Tingyun's lyrical poetry in a such a description of his style as either being rich in colors with soft fragrance with lack of depth of true feelings, or being deep, beautiful, grand and concise. However, in the historical background of late Tang Dynasty while the social structure was under great changes, Wen Tingyun, as the first poet in Chinese literary history to devote himself to the writing of lyrics, had deconstructed the tradition of classical Chinese poetics. Instead of seeking to express the poet's own ideals and feelings as in the traditional style, the poet no longer wrote with subjective passions since his poems were mostly composed to match with the off-hand performances of the singing and dancing of feasts. With the subjective emotions of the poet himself retired, objective scenery had been employed for decoration as the best means to foil the image of characters in his works. Thus the characteristics of decoration became an important feature of Wen lyrics. In addition, Wen also deconstructed the traditional style with the attention to express the cares and worries of the contemporary age. With a peculiar 'passion' for creation, the traditional expressive poet retired so that an objective view was formed in a new linguistic state without an overflow of the feelings of the poet. As a result his lyrics were filled with objective images piled up in clusters. His anti-traditional insight was able to lead him to the focus on the form, the creation of which was of great significance to the development of lyrics.