摘要
《语林趣话》对“比”的解释有三处失误:一是认为其古文字形“像两个并列的人挨得很近”,二是引证材料中认为比目鱼“也叫偏口鱼”,三是讲述“比”字的引申义“等同”时的引诗翻译不准确。《语林趣话》对“齿”的解释有一处失误和一处不足:失误在于认为“齿”字“本义是门牙,泛指牙齿”,不足在于没有对“牙”、“齿”二字的异义进行分析。文章结合古籍和实际语言材料,对上述的失误和不足分别进行了辨析和补充。
This paper presents the errors made by stories Behind Chinese characters' of the meanings and examplifications in defining two Chinese characters 'bi' and 'chi' (respectively with the meaning of English equivalente of 'compare' and 'teeth') Three inadequate definitions of examplifications have been pointed out, which are the mistakened analysis of the word-building that the word itself looks like two person standing next to each other, the misuse of the word flatfish when referring to two diffenent types of fish, and the unproper interpretation of the sentences it from the poems when defining the extended meaning of the chinese character 'bi' (compare) With regard to the second character 'chi' (herfering to 'tooth' in Englsih, the program was also found to have made one mistake that the character 'chi' has a basic meaning referring to the front tooth and an extended meaning of teeth (a more accepted definition of 'ya' and Chi currently in moden Chinese) and failed to give sufficient direction to the contend difference between 'ya' and 'chi'. With the reference of ancient books of chinese and access to language database in pratical life, this paper tries to make its contribution to the correctness of difining the two chinese characters mentioned.
