中国海洋贝类染色体研究进展

Progress on the Chromosome Study of Marine Mollusks in China

概括总结了我国已报道的 40 种海洋贝类的染色体组型研究结果,腹足纲的染色体数目有 2n = 3034, 36 和 60;双壳纲的染色体数目有 2n = 20, 22, 28, 32, 34 和 38 等几种类型。分析了贝类染色体制备的点,预先向活贝体内注射 PHA,可有效地增加中期分裂相。产生核型差异的原因可能是制片时的处理条不同或因染色体结构重排以及地域差异造成的同种异体之间的核型多态。双壳纲和绝大多数腹足纲贝类没有性染色体,而非整倍体是染色体畸变的结果。最后介绍了显带技术和荧光原位杂交技术在贝类染色研究中的应用现状,认为 FISH 技术将为贝类染色体的鉴定提供有效的方法。

The karyotypes of 40 species of marine mollusks in China are reviewed in this paper. There are four types of chromosome numbers of Gastropoda, i.e., 2n = 30, 34, 36 and 60. There are six types of chromosome numbers of Bivalvia, i.e., 2n = 20, 22, 28, 32, 34 and 38. Analyzed the characteristics of chromosome preparation in the mollusks are analysed. PHA was injected in vivo of mollusks beforehand, which is good for increasing metaphase chromosomes. The difference of karyotype may be caused by different sample treatments or allogenic polymorphism of chromosome karyotype due to chromosomal configuration rearrangement and regional diversities. Neither Bivalvia nor most Gastropoda have heterosome. Aneuploid was the aftermath of the chromosome aberrance. Finally, the current application of chromosome banding technique and fluorescence in- situ hybridization (FISH) on the mollusks are introduced, and we think FISH will provide an effective method for chromosome identification in the mollusks.