司马迁心目中的孔子

Confucius in Sima Qian's Eyes

孔子在司马迁心目中是一位不朽的"至圣"。司马迁在《史记》中为孔子做了"世家"。司马迁之所以如此推尊孔子,一是受春秋公羊学派的影响,二是受家学渊源影响,三是与他的遭遇相似引起情感上的共鸣有关。司马迁在《史记·孔子世家》中,既还原了被春秋公羊学派神化的孔子,打破了今文经学的学术传统,又给西汉思想界注入了理性的光辉,突现了可贵的学术良知和传统的史官精神。

In Sima Qian's eyes, Confucius is a famous sage. Sima Qian wrote a special article for Confucius. There are three reasons why Sima Qian promoted and respected him so much. Firstly, Sima Qian was influenced greatly by the School of Gong Yang in the Spring and Autumn Period. Secondly, Sima Qian was influenced by academic knowledge and thoughts of his own family. Thirdly, Confucius' own experiences were similar to him, which echoed in Sima Qian's feelings. In Sima Qian's Confucius, Records of the Historian, he not only restored the real Confucius who was deified a superhuman by the School of Gong Yang in the Spring and Autumn Period, which broke through the academic tradition of today's character and classical schools, but also filled rationality in the Western Han Dynasty, which demonstrated the precious consciences of learning and the conventional spirits of historians.