山东东平湖的变迁与黄河改道的关系

Relationship between changes of Dongping Lake and shifting of the Yellow River in Shandong Province

根据历史文献以及巨野、梁山、戴庙钻孔剖面的分析与研究及对东平湖底沉积的调查 ,确定了大野泽、梁山泊、安山湖、东平湖的沉积记录 ,提出东平湖由大野泽、梁山泊、安山湖演化而来。通过对东平湖演化与黄河决口和改道关系的分析与对比 ,指出历史时期东平湖演化历程与黄河关系密切 ,经历了黄河决口注入和改道流经湖区 ,河水注入、湖面扩大 ,河徙水退、湖面萎缩。黄河第一次大改道期间注入和一次改道流经大野泽。黄河第二次大改道期间两次注入、其中一次改道流经大野泽 ,水面北侵形成梁山泊。黄河第三次大改道期间三次决口注入 ,两次改道流经梁山泊 ,湖面进一步扩大成“八百里梁山泊” ,之后黄河仅数次决入 ,水源短缺 ,湖面萎缩。黄河第四次大改道期间未流入梁山泊 ,湖面进一步缩小。黄河第五次大改道期间曾两次注入梁山泊 ,湖面又扩大成为一片泽国 ,而后断绝黄河水源 ,被分成安山湖等北五湖 ,梁山泊岁久填淤 ,变湖为陆。黄河第六次大改道期间黄河水源断绝 ,北五湖水面北移 ,逐渐萎缩消失 ,仅安山湖经历一次黄河决入 ,并淤塞而成东平湖 ,黄河水断绝时湖底干涸 ,黄河大汛期曾倒灌入湖。

According to the analysis on historical documents and research on borehole sections in Juye,Liangshan and Daimiao and the investigation of lake basal sediments in Dongping Lake,the sedimentary records of Dayeze Lake,Liangshanpo Lake,Anshan Lake and Dongping Lake are determined and the authors propose that the Dongping Lake was evoluted from Dayeze Lake,Liangshanpo Lake and Anshan Lake.By analyzing the relationship between the evolution of Dongping Lake and the crevases and shifting of the Yellow River,it is suggested that the evolution process of Dongping Lake in historical periods was closely related with the Yellow River.During the crevases and shifting of the Yellow River,water poured into and lake expanded,river shifted and lake shrank.The Yellow River poured into it during its first shifting stage and flowed across Dayeze Lake.The Yellow River poured into it twice during the second shifting stage,among which once shifted and flowed across Dayeze Lake,and the water transgressed northwards and formed the Liangshanpo Lake.During the third shifting stage,the Yellow River crevassed and poured into it three times,shifted and flowed across the Liangshanpo Lake twice which led to the further expansion of the lake and finally formed so-called the “Babaili Liangshanpo Lake”.After that the Yellow River poured into it several times,the sources shortened and the lake shrank.The Yellow River did not flow through the Liangshanpo Lake during its fourth shifting stage,with the lake shrank further.The Yellow River poured into the Liangshanpo Lake twice during its fifth shifting stage and the lake expanded.Then the source of the Yellow River was cut off and the lake was separated into northern five lakes including Anshan Lake,while the Liangshanpo Lake became land because of the filling of sediments for a long while.The source of the Yellow River was cut off during its sixth shifting stage,with the northern five lakes migrating to the north and gradually shrinking and disappearing.Only the Anshan Lake experienced the pouring of the Yellow River once and was filled to form the Dongping Lake.The lake was dried up when the source of the Yellow River was cut off and the water of the Yellow River once flooded back into it during the flooding periods.