执著人生、超然物外的生命范式——从三个层面观照苏轼诗中的苦乐哲学

Persistent Life, Insular Living Pattern——An Analysis of the Bitter and Joyful Philosophy in Su Shi's Poetry from Three Different Lays

荣辱两忘、苦乐齐观是苏轼的处世哲学,反映在他的诗歌中,主要可以从三个层面去把握:一是他认为人生处处有悲苦,但并不是只有悲苦,悲苦和欢乐是循环的,同时存在着的,因而人们应该扬弃悲苦;二是苏轼承认悲苦是人生不可避免的要素,是人生必然的组成部分,因而人们不能执著于悲苦,而应从悲苦中解脱出来;三是苏轼一反往代诗人把人生看成倏忽即逝的悲观甚至绝望的观点,而把人生看成一个漫长的持续的时间过程,因而有到处为家的意识,始终能泰然自若地委身于持续的波涛之中,表现出一种昂扬乐观的精神。

Su Shi's behavioristic philosophy is to forget honor or disgrace, to view bitterness and joy similarly, which is shown in his poetry and can be grasped mainly at three lays: First of all,he believes that there is misery everywhere in human life, but that besides misery, there is also joy, the two of which coexist in a cycle. Therefore people should discard the misery. Secondly, he admits that misery is an inevitable element and component in life and thus people should not cling to misery but to get themselves out of misery. Thirdly, contrary to other poets in the past who always viewed life as a desperate, pessimistic, and transient thing, he regards life as an endless period and thus he has the notion of everywhere being the home. As a result he can containedly cast himself on a durative billow of life, displaying a kind of high-spirited, optimistic spirit. This article, by contrast with the pessimism in the poetry prior to Song Dynasty, highlights Su's philosophy of optimistic life and his same attitude towards honor and disgrace.