睡莲科植物的染色体数目观察

Chromosome Numbers of the Members in the Family Nymphaeaceae

本文报道了睡莲科9种植物的体细胞染色体数目。莲2n=16、王莲2n=24、芡实2n=58、萍蓬草2n=34、莼菜2n=72、蓝睡莲2n=28、红睡莲2n=56、黄睡莲2n=84和睡莲2n=112。除莲外,其余8种植物的染色体数目均为国内首次报道。根据上述植物的染色体数目和其它显著特征,作者认为莲是二倍体,而其它睡莲科分类群是多倍体起源的,并指出睡莲属内呈现一个种间多倍体系列。莼菜2n=72,与前人报道的数目2n=80不相一致。少数莼菜个体存在2n=69的非整倍体,可能是莼菜长期进行无性繁殖的结果。

The paper reports the somatic chromosome numbers of nine plants of the familyNymphaeaceae.The chromosome numbers of these plants are as follows:Nelumbo nuciferaGaertn.2n=16,Victoria cruziana Orbign.2n=24,Euryale ferox Salisb.2n=58,Nupharpumilum 2n=34,Brasenia schreberi Gmel.2n=72,Nymphaea stellata willd.2n=28,Nymphaea rubra Roxb.2n=56.Nymphaea mexicana zucc.2n=84 and Nymphaea tetragonaGeorgi.2n=112.The chromosome numbers of these plants,except Nelumbo nuciferaGaertn.,are first reported in our country.According to the chromosome numbers of theseplants mentioned above,the author considers that Nelumbo originates from diploids,whilethe others of Nymphaeaceae from polyploids,and also illustrates that the plants in the genusNymphaea represent a series of polyploids.The chromosome numbers of Brasenia schreberiGmel(2n=72)is not incoincidence with that reported by predecessors(2n=80).A few indi-vidual of Brasenia schreberi is found to be aneuploid with 69 chromosomes.It is probably dueto the result of long—term vegetative propagation.