GIS在巨灾保险风险管理中的应用研究

Study on Application of GIS to the Risk Management of Giant Disasters

近年来 ,巨灾的不断发生 ,使得许多保险和再保险公司遭受巨大赔偿 ,乃至可能造成破产。究其原因 ,除了人们对巨灾自身难以抗拒这一客观原因外 ,保险企业对巨灾保险的风险管理方法、技术和手段的不适也是一个很重要的因素。为此 ,笔者分析了利用GIS辅助巨灾保险风险管理的优越性 ,并就GIS在巨灾保险的信息管理、风险累积预测和风险管理专家系统中所起的作用和发挥的功能分别进行了探讨。利用GIS辅助巨灾保险风险管理 ,不仅可以了解巨灾的发生和变化规律 ,进行危险性区域和费率区域的划分 ,而且可以优化保险和再保险方案 ,并通过专家系统设计出符合实用灾情的风险管理及保险管理的对策 ,对保险公司的巨灾保险风险管理起到了重要的指导作用。

The continual occurrence of giant disasters in recent years caused much heavy losses, even bankruptcy to the insurance and re-insurance companies. When looking for the reason, it was found that the means taken by insurance companies to manage giant disaster risks was a very important factor; notwithstanding the giant disaster itself is objectively inevitable. The advantage of applying GIS to risk management of giant disasters was analyzed. GIS technology was introduced, and the application of GIS to the information management, the prediction of risk accumulation, and the expert system of risk management were probed into. GIS technology is not only helpful in obtaining the occurrence regularity of giant disasters, dividing risky districts and different premium rate districts, and optimizing insurance and re-insurance schemes, but also in designing insurance products by the expert system, which would play an important role in risk management of giant disasters.