建筑施工高处坠落事故研究

Study on Falling Accidents in Construction Industry

高处坠落是建筑施工中经常发生的安全事故之一。笔者首先通过对上海市 1995～ 2 0 0 1年建筑施工安全事故档案资料的统计整理 ,发现建筑施工高处坠落事故主要集中在建筑物临边、洞口 ,脚手架、操作平台 ,机械设备和模板工程等部位 ;进而采用曲线拟合的方法得到了上海市建筑施工安全事故年发生起数的预测模型 ,并通过对 2 0 0 2年、2 0 0 3年的预测值同实际数据的比较 ,对预测模型进行了验证 ;最后 ,笔者按照事故致因理论 ,从人、物、环境等因素系统分析了高处坠落的事故原因 ,提出了预防坠落的控制措施和有关建议。

Falling injury is one of the most frequent accidents in construction industry. Referring to the statistic analysis of accident records from 1995 to 2000, it is found that falling injuries occurred mostly on the edge or hole of the construction, scaffold and operation platform, mechanical equipment and mold board etc. A prediction model on annual occurrence of accidents in Shanghai construction industry using the method of curve fitting is set up. The predicted values of 2002 and 2003 are compared with the realistic data to verify the model. Finally, the causation of falling is systematically analyzed considering the men-machine-environment factors, and suggestions of control measures are made.