西部干旱与湿润地区农业结构演变的比较分析

Comparative analysis of the evolutions of agricultural structures in arid and humid regions of west China

本文利用农业结构指数结合比重法,比较分析了新疆和四川两省区1981年到2002年农业总产值结构、作物类型结构、粮食作物结构、经济作物结构演变的综合情况。结果表明:1在农业总产值结构演变上,新疆是波动变化的,而四川在逐步向多元化和均匀化方向发展;2在22a间,两省区在作物类型结构的变化上都朝多元化和均匀化方向发展,主要原因是粮食作物面积比重下降,经济作物和其他作物的面积比重明显上升;3在粮食作物面积构成的多元化发展速度上,新疆比四川快,主要原因是新疆小麦面积比重显著下降;4两省区经济作物结构的多样性都在波动中明显下降,主要原因是新疆棉花比重大幅度提高,而四川主要是油料作物面积比重显著提高。两省区农业结构的演变特点与各自的资源条件和市场需求变化相适应。

The compositions of total agricultural prodution value, crop types, grain crops and cush crop from 1981 to 2002 in Xinjiang and Sichuan provinces were compared and analyzed in accordance with agricultural structure index and percentage. The results were as follows. ① The structural development of total agricultural production value in Xinjiang had fluctuated, but that in Sichuan had diversified gradually. ② The structural changes of crop types from 1981 to 2002 in the two provinces tended to both diversification and homogeneity, i.e. the area for grain crops rising up and the area for cash crops and other crop declining. ③ The diversifying speed of grain crop structure in Xinjiang was higher than that in Schuan due to the remarkable drop of wheat area share of Xinjiang. ④ The diversification of cash crops in the two provinces had a striking and fluctuating drop. The main cause of the drop in Xinjiang was that share of cotton area was greatly increased, but in Sichuan the cause was that share of oilseed crop area was greatly increased. The development characteristics in agricultural structure of the two provinces were adapted to their resources and changing market demand.