新疆生物改良盐碱地效益研究

Biological improvement of saline and alkaline land in Xinjiang

生物改良盐碱地主要是通过将种植业与养殖业有机的结合起来,培肥地力,从而提高盐碱地(盐渍化土地、碱化土地)的经济效益。在土壤盐分含量较高时,通过2a直接种植比较耐盐的禾本科牧草,0～40cm土壤的脱盐率可达67.3%以上;种植直根系作物枸杞3a后,0～40cm土壤的脱盐率为78.7%。而利用灌水洗盐方式改良盐碱地耗水量大,是生物改良方式的1.6倍。在土壤盐分含量高于1.5%时,利用生物方式改良后土地的产量高于灌水洗盐后的产量。生物改良盐碱地是生态、经济和社会效益兼优的改良盐碱地模式。在以硫酸盐为主的干旱区盐碱地,种植耐盐牧草结合正常灌溉改良盐碱地切实可行。

Biological improvement of saline and alkaline land mainly combines crop production and livestock raising in a proper manner to improve land fertility and then raise economic benefits of saline and alkaline land. Where soil salt content is high, 67.3% salt can be desalinized in 0~40 cm soil after salt-tolerant cereal grasses have been planted for three years; 78.7% salt can be desalinized after medlar that belongs to taproot plants has been planted for 3 three year. But the desalinization through irrigation to improve saline and alkaline land would consume a great amount of water, 1.6 times as much as through biological methods. Where soil salt content is higher than 1.5% the land improved through biological ways has a higher crop yield than the land improved through irrigation. Biological improvement of saline and alkaline land is a model, which can produce good ecological, social and economic benefits. In the arid regions with saline and alkaline land dominated by sulfates, the improvement of saline and alkaline land through the combination of planting salt-tolerant grasses with irrigation is practical and feasible.