董仲舒与汉代天道信仰的重建

DONG Zhong-shu and Reconstruction of “the Faith of God's Way”of Han Dynasty

从商周到秦汉之际 ,天道信仰是在不断变化的 ,总的趋势是天道信仰的消解及与之相伴随的王权的衰落。董仲舒以新的“话语”形式 ,论证天人感应的原理 ,在新的层面上重建天道信仰。董仲舒重建天道信仰带有一定的“神道设教”的性质 ,在本质上是为了维护并巩固封建统治 ,为现实服务。董仲舒的天道观念 ,落脚点在于维护君权与制约君权 ,是对儒家思想的复归 ,或者可以说加强了原始儒学的基本精神。董仲舒重建天道信仰是在特定历史时期的一种自觉选择 ,是有其历史的合理性的 ,我们不能简单地将其视为思想文化上的倒退。

From Shang Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty to Qin Dynasty and Han dynasty,“the Faith o f God's Way” was constantly changeable,and the total trend was “the Faith of G od's Way” cleared up with dedining of royal power.DONG Zhong_shu proves the pri nciple of people's reaction on nature,rebuilds “the Faith of God's Way”on the new aspect in the form of new “words”.The essence was to control people,safegu ard and consolidate the ruling through the God.DONG'S concept lied in the safegu arding and restriction of the monarchical power.It is the reproducing of Confuci u s' thought,and in other words,it is the streng thening of Confucius' thought.DON G'S rebuilding is a kind of conscious choice in specific historical Perlod,not t he falling back of the ideology and culture briefly.