中国华南地区髋关节的测量参数及临床意义

The measurement of hip joints of the people in south of china and clinical significance

目的:为改进和设计适合中国华南地区人的人工髋关节假体提供参数值。方法:随机取100例中国华南地区成人髋关节(200髋)拍髋关节X线正侧位片,在X线片上测量股骨头的直径、股骨颈长度、小转子及其上、下2 cm平面处髓腔的宽度、狭窄平面处的髓腔宽度、股骨长度及髋臼前倾角,外展角。选取10例(20髋)正常华南地区人尸体的髋关节直接和摄标准X线正侧位片测量上述参数。结果:中国南方人股骨头直径为(45.9±4.2)mm,转子处髓腔的宽度为(25.7±2.7)mm,其上2 cm处为(43.0±4.7)mm,其下2 cm处为(20.1±2.7)mm,狭窄处髓腔宽度为(10.1+1.1)mm,股骨长度为(43.4±2.6)cm,髋臼前倾角14.4°±5.3°,外展角为43.6°±3.3°。结论:(1)中国华南地区人髋关节解剖的各种参数与国人无明显差异,与欧美人则有显著不同,有必要设计符合中国华南地区人解剖特点的人工关节;(2)本组数据可为设计适合华南地区人解剖特点的人工髋关节提供依据。

Objective: To measure the endosteal geometry of the hip joint of the people in south of China and design and improve hip joint prosthesis for Chinese people. Methods: X-ray radiography parallel and perpendicular to the plane of the hip joint was made on 110 adults. The width of bone medullary cavity at the plane of lesser trochanter, 2cm above and below the lesser trochanter, and the angle of acetabular abduction and anteversion were measured on those radiography. Results: The diameter of femur head was 45.9±4.2 mm. The width of bone marrow cavity was 25.7 ±2.70 mm at the level of lesser trochanter,43.0 ±4.7 mm at the level of 2cm above the trochabter and 20.1 ±2.7 mm at the level of 2cm below the lesser trochanterr. The Length of femur was 43.4±2.6 cm. The angles of acetabular abduction and anteversion were 43.6°±3.3°and 14.4°±5.3°. Conclusions: The results can provide anatomic basis to design hip joint prosthesis for the people in south of China.